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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Fiber-optic magnetometry with randomly oriented spins.

I V Fedotov, L V Doronina-Amitonova, D A Sidorov-Biryukov

    Optics Letters
    |December 10, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed fiber-optic magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamond. This technique uses a tapered optical fiber for precise control and readout of electron spins, enabling new sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum sensing
    • Nanophotonics
    • Solid-state physics

    Background:

    • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors.
    • Integrating NV centers with optical waveguides is challenging.
    • Fiber-optic systems offer robust and remote sensing capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate fiber-optic magnetometry using NV centers.
    • To integrate NV centers with a tapered optical fiber for enhanced control.
    • To enable efficient initialization, polarization, and readout of NV electron spins.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a random ensemble of NV centers embedded in nanodiamond.
    • Coupling nanodiamonds to a tapered optical fiber.
    • Employing optical fields delivered via the fiber for spin manipulation and readout.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of fiber-optic magnetometry.
    • Effective waveguide delivery of optical fields for NV spin control.
    • Achieved initialization, polarization, and readout of electron spins in NV centers.

    Conclusions:

    • Fiber-optic integration provides a viable platform for NV-based magnetometry.
    • This approach enhances the practicality and accessibility of NV quantum sensing.
    • Opens avenues for remote and multiplexed magnetic field measurements.