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Mechanical Ventilation in Children - Problems and Issues

Marzena Zielińska1, Stanisław Zieliński1, Alicja Sniatkowska-Bartkowska2

  • 1Department and Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.

Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine : Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University
|December 11, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric respiratory failure requires expert mechanical ventilation. Understanding pediatric respiratory physiology and employing lung-protective strategies minimize serious complications in critically ill children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Mechanical ventilation

Background:

  • Respiratory failure is a primary cause for pediatric intensive care unit admissions.
  • Mechanical ventilation is a critical intervention for treating respiratory failure in children.
  • Successful treatment necessitates a thorough understanding of pediatric respiratory anatomy, histology, and physiology, particularly in neonates and infants.

Approach:

  • This review discusses non-invasive and invasive ventilation modes for pediatric respiratory support.
  • Invasive modes include conventional (pressure/volume-controlled) and non-conventional (oscillatory) ventilation.
  • Key principles of lung-protective ventilation are highlighted to mitigate risks.

Key Points:

  • Competent ventilator use and age-specific respiratory knowledge are vital for successful pediatric mechanical ventilation.
  • Both non-invasive and invasive ventilation strategies are employed.
  • Conventional and non-conventional invasive ventilation modes exist.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical ventilation in children carries risks, including barotrauma, volutrauma, and biotrauma.
  • Adherence to lung-protective ventilation principles is essential for reducing adverse events.
  • Optimizing mechanical ventilation strategies improves outcomes for critically ill children.

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