Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Fungal Taxonomy
• Molecular Phylogenetics

Background:

• The genus Aspergillus encompasses diverse species crucial for biotechnology, food production, and human health.
• Phylogenetic analyses indicate Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade with related genera, necessitating taxonomic reevaluation.
• The "one name per species" policy prompted a decision on whether to maintain Aspergillus as a single genus or subdivide it.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present the rationale for retaining Aspergillus as a single, large genus.
• To provide an updated list of accepted Aspergillus species, including new combinations.
• To offer standardized working techniques and genetic markers for Aspergillus identification.

Main Methods:

• Phylogenetic analysis of morphological, physiological, and molecular data.
• Review of nomenclature codes and recommendations from the International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus.
• Compilation of an updated species list with ex-type culture collection and GenBank accession numbers.

Main Results:

• The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to maintain Aspergillus as a single genus.
• The updated Aspergillus genus list now includes 339 accepted species.
• New combinations were introduced for species lacking an Aspergillus name, and genetic markers (ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin, RPB2) were cataloged.

Conclusions:

• Maintaining Aspergillus as a unified genus simplifies fungal taxonomy and its practical applications.
• The updated species list and associated genetic data provide a valuable resource for researchers.
• Calmodulin is proposed as a secondary marker to enhance Aspergillus species identification.