Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

454
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
454
Retarders01:19

Retarders

327
Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
327
Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

470
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
470
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

438
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
438
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.3K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.3K
Air-entraining Agents01:27

Air-entraining Agents

371
Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. These agents prevent cracks by introducing small air bubbles into the mix, creating spaces accommodating water expansion when temperatures drop. The air-entraining agents lower the surface tension of water, forming stable, small air bubbles. This method is more effective than having accidental large voids, as the intentional, smaller, and evenly distributed air voids improve...
371

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Kang et al. Energy-Saving Electrospinning with a Concentric Teflon-Core Rod Spinneret to Create Medicated Nanofibers. <i>Polymers</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 2421.

Polymers·2026
Same author

Correction: Platelet-membrane-biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted antitumor drug delivery.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026
Same author

Correction: Functionalized boron nanosheets as an intelligent nanoplatform for synergistic low-temperature photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Dual-responsive drug delivery systems prepared by blend electrospinning" [Int. J. Pharm. 543(1-2) (2018) 1-7].

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Thermosensitive nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin as antibacterial wound dressing material" [Int. J. Pharm. 517(1-2) (2017) 135-147].

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Expanding the Antimicrobial Toolbox with Therapeutic Viruses: Mechanisms, Pharmaceutical Formulation, and Translational Outlook.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection
07:32

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.5K

Particulate inorganic adjuvants: recent developments and future outlook.

Charlotte N Maughan1, Stephen G Preston, Gareth R Williams

  • 1UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.

The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

New inorganic particulate adjuvants are crucial for vaccine development, as current options like alum are limited. This review explores their potential to improve vaccine efficacy and immune responses.

Keywords:
adjuvantinorganic materialparticle engineeringvaccine

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion&#45;Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
06:02

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.4K
Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
10:06

Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization

Published on: September 2, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection
07:32

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection

Published on: September 1, 2023

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion&#45;Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination
06:02

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.4K
Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
10:06

Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization

Published on: September 2, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Adjuvants are critical for vaccine efficacy, especially for subunit and DNA vaccines.
  • Current licensed adjuvants are limited, with alum being widely used but poorly understood.
  • Alum primarily induces antibody responses and lacks cellular immunity, necessitating new adjuvant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current inorganic particulate adjuvants.
  • To assess their mechanisms of action.
  • To evaluate future potential in vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of inorganic particulate adjuvants.
  • Analysis of recent developments and future prospects.
  • Summary of current understanding of adjuvant mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Inorganic systems are gaining attention as novel adjuvant candidates.
  • Understanding adjuvant mechanisms is essential for improved vaccine design.
  • There is a need for adjuvants that can elicit robust cellular immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Inorganic particulate adjuvants show significant promise for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
  • Further research into their mechanisms is vital for clinical application.
  • These adjuvants could address limitations of existing vaccine technologies.