Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

6
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
6
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

45.2K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
45.2K
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

5
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
5
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

2.5K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
2.5K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.4K
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

5
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
5

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ferrostatin-1 Alleviates White Matter Injury Via Decreasing Ferroptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Molecular neurobiology·2021
Same author

Interception of host fatty acid metabolism by mycobacteria under hypoxia to suppress anti-TB immunity.

Cell discovery·2021
Same author

RETRACTED: Androgen receptor transactivates KSHV noncoding RNA PAN to promote lytic replication-mediated oncogenesis: A mechanism of sex disparity in KS.

PLoS pathogens·2021
Same author

Integrin αEβ7<sup>+</sup> T cells direct intestinal stem cell fate decisions via adhesion signaling.

Cell research·2021
Same author

Guideline conformity to the Stupp regimen in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme in China.

Future oncology (London, England)·2021
Same author

The effect of hematoma puncture drainage before decompressive craniectomy on the prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral hernia at a high altitude.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2021
Same journal

Behavioral characterization of bulbar sensorimotor function in a rat model of Alexander disease.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

Prenatal Exposure to High- but Not Low-Molecular-Weight Poly(I:C) Produces Selective Sociability Deficits in Offspring.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

Understanding vulnerability through variability: a longitudinal twin study linking sex differences in neurodiversity, neurodevelopment and X-linked genetic mechanisms.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

Hippocampal plasticity predicts behavioral lateralization and stress resilience in laying hen chicks.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

Effects of retatrutide on learning and memory in streptozotocin-induced male diabetic rats.

Behavioural brain research·2026
Same journal

Bacopa-enriched formulation enhances memory and synaptic plasticity in a rat model of vascular dementia.

Behavioural brain research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

16.5K

Abnormal functional connectivity density in Parkinson's disease.

Jiuquan Zhang1, Wenwei Bi2, Yuling Zhang2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.

Behavioural Brain Research
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects brain connectivity beyond motor pathways. This study reveals altered functional connectivity densities in visual and frontal areas, potentially linked to hallucinations and cognitive issues in PD patients.

Keywords:
Functional connectivityFunctional connectivity densityLong-range FCDParkinson's diseaseShort-range FCD

More Related Videos

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.6K
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

16.5K
Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

8.6K
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology extends beyond the nigrostriatal pathway to cerebral cortical areas.
  • Previous studies using seed-based functional connectivity show abnormal integration in PD but rely on predefined regions.
  • A voxel-wise approach offers a comprehensive, data-driven analysis of whole-brain functional connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate abnormal resting-state functional activities in Parkinson's disease patients using an ultrafast voxel-wise functional connectivity density approach.
  • To identify whole-brain functional connectivity alterations in PD patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between functional connectivity density changes and PD pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrafast voxel-wise functional connectivity density analysis.
  • Whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).
  • Comparison of functional connectivity density between Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • PD patients showed decreased short-range functional connectivity density in the ventral visual pathway.
  • Decreased long-range functional connectivity density was observed in the right middle and superior frontal gyrus in PD patients.
  • Increased short- and long-range functional connectivity density in the bilateral precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex was noted in PD patients, possibly indicating compensation.

Conclusions:

  • Functional connectivity density mapping reveals widespread alterations in PD, including decreased connectivity in visual and frontal regions and increased connectivity in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex.
  • These alterations may underlie symptoms like visual hallucinations and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • Functional connectivity density analysis provides a valuable tool for assessing neurodegeneration and understanding the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.