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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Published on: June 14, 2017

GDNF preconditioning can overcome Schwann cell phenotypic memory.

Laura M Marquardt¹, Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Experimental Neurology

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Schwann cells (SCs) retain memory of their nerve type, promoting better axonal regeneration when matched with neurons. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can overcome mismatched SC-neuron interactions.

Keywords:

Growth factors Microdevices Muscle and cutaneous phenotype Neurite extension Peripheral nerve regeneration

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Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Hypoxic Preconditioning of Marrow-derived Progenitor Cells As a Source for the Generation of Mature Schwann Cells

Published on: June 14, 2017

Preparation of Tunable Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments to Evaluate Schwann Cell Phenotype Specification

Preparation of Tunable Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments to Evaluate Schwann Cell Phenotype Specification

Published on: June 2, 2020

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 27, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Schwann cells (SCs) are crucial for peripheral nerve regeneration.
The influence of SCs' phenotypic memory (muscle vs. cutaneous) on axonal regeneration is not well understood.
Understanding SC-neuron interactions is key for cell/tissue transplantation therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if phenotypically matched SC-neuron combinations enhance axonal extension compared to mismatched ones.
To evaluate the impact of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on SC-neuron interactions.
To determine if SCs retain phenotypic memory influencing axonal regeneration.

Main Methods:

Utilized microfluidic devices for controlled SC-neuron co-culture.
Quantified single neurite extension over extended periods.
Analyzed secreted factors from pure SC and neuron populations.

Main Results:

Neurons cultured with phenotypically matched SCs exhibited significantly longer neurite growth.
SC phenotypic memory was retained despite prolonged absence of axonal contact.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) preconditioning improved regeneration in mismatched cultures.

Conclusions:

Schwann cells possess phenotypic memory that influences axonal regeneration.
Phenotypically matched SC-neuron cultures promote enhanced axonal extension.
GDNF treatment offers a potential strategy to improve regeneration in mismatched grafts for clinical applications.