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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

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Human serotonin transporter availability predicts fear conditioning.

Fredrik Åhs1, Andreas Frick2, Tomas Furmark2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lower serotonin transporter availability in key brain regions is linked to increased fear responses. This suggests serotonin plays a role in human fear conditioning and anxiety disorders.

Keywords:
5-HTTAmygdalaAnterior cingulateAnxiety disordersDASBInsulaPost-traumatic stress disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Serotonin is known to influence fear learning in animal models.
  • Understanding the role of serotonin in human fear responses is crucial for anxiety disorder research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serotonin transporter availability and fear conditioning in humans.
  • To determine if individual differences in serotonergic regulation predict fear responses.

Main Methods:

  • Serotonin transporter availability was measured using [(11)C]-DASB positron emission tomography (PET).
  • Participants' conditioned autonomic fear responses were assessed.
  • Analysis focused on serotonin transporter availability in the amygdala, insula, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.

Main Results:

  • Lower serotonin transporter availability in the amygdala, insula, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was associated with enhanced conditioned autonomic fear responses.
  • This finding supports the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between serotonergic regulation capacity and fear conditioning.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin modulates fear conditioning in humans.
  • Individual differences in serotonin transporter availability may influence susceptibility to anxiety conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder.