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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

An Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction for Studying Cardiac Repair and Remodeling in Knockout Mice
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Renal function largely influences Galectin-3 prognostic value in heart failure.

Elisabet Zamora1, Josep Lupón1, Marta de Antonio1

  • 1Heart Failure Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.

International Journal of Cardiology
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels strongly correlate with reduced kidney function in heart failure (HF) patients. This association diminishes Gal-3

Keywords:
BiomarkersHeart failureMyocardial fibrosisRemodelingRenal failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF) prognosis.
  • Renal function is a known prognostic indicator in HF.
  • The interplay between renal insufficiency, HF, and Gal-3 requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between circulating Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and renal function in ambulatory heart failure (HF) patients.
  • To determine if Gal-3 remains a significant prognostic marker for HF outcomes after accounting for renal function.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 876 ambulatory HF patients was analyzed.
  • Circulating Gal-3 levels were measured and correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using CKD-EPI and CKD-EPI-cystatin-C equations.
  • Patients were stratified by eGFR levels, and Gal-3 associations with mortality were assessed before and after adjusting for renal function.

Main Results:

  • Circulating Gal-3 showed a strong inverse correlation with eGFR (r = -0.64 with CKD-EPI) and a positive correlation with Cystatin-C levels (r = 0.70) after adjustments.
  • Gal-3 levels significantly increased across decreasing eGFR strata (p < 0.001), independent of NYHA class and LVEF.
  • While Gal-3 was associated with mortality in univariate analysis, this association lost significance after adjusting for eGFR.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating Gal-3 is highly associated with impaired renal function in outpatients with heart failure.
  • The prognostic value of Gal-3 for HF outcomes is significantly reduced when renal function is taken into account.