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Glucocorticoids decrease Treg cell numbers in lungs of allergic mice.

P C Olsen1, J Z Kitoko2, T P Ferreira2

  • 1Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Glucocorticoids, used for asthma, may paradoxically reduce regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and activity in the lungs. This study found dexamethasone and budesonide decreased Tregs, potentially impacting asthma treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
AsthmaGlucocorticoidTreg

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids are primary anti-inflammatory asthma treatments.
  • Their effect on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in asthma is debated.
  • Tregs are crucial for asthma resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate glucocorticoid effects on lung Tregs in mouse asthma models.
  • To determine if dexamethasone and budesonide impact Treg numbers and activity.
  • To explore the mechanism behind glucocorticoid-induced Treg modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Asthma induced in mice via allergen challenge.
  • Treatment with oral dexamethasone or nebulized budesonide.
  • Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage, airway hyperresponsiveness, Treg phenotyping (flow cytometry), and cytokine secretion (ELISA).

Main Results:

  • Dexamethasone reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
  • Both dexamethasone and budesonide decreased Treg numbers in lungs and lymphoid organs.
  • Glucocorticoids did not enhance IL-10 production by Tregs.
  • Systemic/local glucocorticoid treatment caused thymic atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoids decrease lung Treg numbers and activity in asthma models.
  • This reduction may stem from decreased thymic T cell production.
  • Current glucocorticoids might not benefit lung Treg populations in asthmatic patients.