Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Overview of the Heart

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...

Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Survival outcomes in isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation according to therapeutic modalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Open heart·2025

Same author

Hospitalization of Symptomatic Patients With Heart Failure and Moderate to Severe Functional Mitral Regurgitation Treated With MitraClip: Insights From RESHAPE-HF2.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2024

Same author

Transcatheter Valve Repair in Heart Failure with Moderate to Severe Mitral Regurgitation.

The New England journal of medicine·2024

Same author

Sex-related differences in severe native valvular heart disease: the ESC-EORP Valvular Heart Disease II survey.

European heart journal·2024

Same author

Management of Massive Thrombosis of a Tendyne Valve: The Importance of Heart Valve Centers.

JACC. Case reports·2024

Same author

Percutaneous repair of moderate-to-severe or severe functional mitral regurgitation in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Baseline characteristics of patients in the RESHAPE-HF2 trial and comparison to COAPT and MITRA-FR trials.

European journal of heart failure·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Published on: April 15, 2017

The European Heart Academy.

European Heart Journal

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Dr. Panos Vardas

Area of Science:

Cardiology
European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Background:

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) is a leading professional organization dedicated to advancing cardiovascular science and care.
Dr. Panos Vardas, a prominent figure, has championed specific initiatives aimed at enhancing the ESC's impact and reach.

Discussion:

A key vision championed by Dr. Panos Vardas has been successfully realized within the European Society of Cardiology.
This achievement signifies a milestone in the ongoing efforts to improve cardiovascular health across Europe through the ESC.

Key Insights:

The successful implementation of Dr. Vardas' vision marks a significant development for the European Society of Cardiology.
This accomplishment is expected to foster advancements in cardiovascular research, education, and clinical practice.

More Related Videos

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Published on: February 5, 2019

Preparation of Human Myocardial Tissue for Long-Term Cultivation

Preparation of Human Myocardial Tissue for Long-Term Cultivation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Published on: April 15, 2017

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Published on: February 5, 2019

Preparation of Human Myocardial Tissue for Long-Term Cultivation

Preparation of Human Myocardial Tissue for Long-Term Cultivation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Outlook:

The realization of this vision is anticipated to catalyze further innovation and collaboration within the European cardiovascular community.
Future endeavors will likely build upon this success to address emerging challenges in cardiovascular disease management and prevention.