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Sex estimation from sternal measurements using multidetector computed tomography.

Oguzhan Ekizoglu1, Elif Hocaoglu, Ercan Inci

  • 1From the Department of Forensic Medicine (OE); Department of Radiology (EH, EI, IE); Department of Orthopaedics, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (MGB); Department of Rheumatology, Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey (DS); and Department of Forensic Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey (IOC).

Medicine
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sternal morphometric analysis using CT scans reliably estimates sex. Measurements of the sternum, like mesosternum length, show significant differences between males and females, aiding forensic identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Sex estimation is crucial in forensic identification.
  • Skeletal analysis is a primary method for sex estimation.
  • The sternum's morphometric properties offer potential for accurate sex discrimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility and reliability of sternal morphometric analysis for sex estimation.
  • To assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) scans in measuring sternal dimensions for sex determination.
  • To identify specific sternal measurements that best differentiate between sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Morphometric analysis of the sternum was performed on 1 mm chest CT scans.
  • Measurements included manubrium length (ML), mesosternum length (MSL), and widths of Sternebra 1 (S1W) and Sternebra 3 (S3W).
  • Statistical analyses included t-tests, discriminant analysis, and ROC analysis to evaluate sex differences and predictive accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Male sternal measurements were significantly higher than females (P < 0.001), while the sternal index (SI) was significantly lower in males (P < 0.001).
  • Mesosternum length (MSL) achieved high accuracy rates (80.2% female, 80.9% male) with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
  • Stepwise discriminant analysis incorporating multiple sternal measurements yielded accuracy rates above 80% for both sexes, with Stepwise 1 achieving 86.1% for females and 83.8% for males.

Conclusions:

  • Morphometric CT analysis of the sternum is a reliable method for sex estimation.
  • Sternal measurements, particularly MSL, provide valuable data for forensic sex determination.
  • This non-invasive CT-based approach enhances accuracy in identifying sex from skeletal remains.