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Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

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Does mechanical stimulation really protect the architecture of trabecular bone? A simulation study.

Manfred M Maurer¹, Richard Weinkamer, Ralph Müller

¹Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Mechanical stimulation is vital for bone mass but its role in bone architecture preservation is unclear. Simulations reveal that network effects, not isolated trabeculae, dictate bone remodeling, potentially leading to thinner trabeculae concentrations.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanical Engineering
Computational Biology
Orthopedic Research

Background:

Mechanical stimulation is essential for maintaining bone mass.
The precise role of mechanical load in preserving trabecular bone architecture during remodeling remains poorly understood.
Existing assumptions suggest localized load increases on thinned trabeculae stimulate deposition, but this may not hold true within a network.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the protective role of mechanical load in preserving the trabecular bone network during remodeling.
To clarify whether mechanical forces prevent trabecular thinning or network degradation.

Main Methods:

Utilized computational simulations of a bone remodeling algorithm.
Modeled trabecular bone as a dynamic network.
Analyzed the relationship between strain energy density and trabeculae thickening/thinning.

Main Results:

Simulations demonstrated that deviations from a regular cubic lattice architecture lead to significant trabecular loss.
Trabeculae adjacent to lost elements were found to be thinner on average.
Thin trabeculae were statistically more likely to be situated near other thin trabeculae within the network.

Conclusions:

The assumption of localized strain energy concentration in a single thin trabecula is only valid in isolation.
Within a network, mechano-regulated remodeling can paradoxically lead to concentrated areas of thin trabeculae.
Mechanical load's protective role in trabecular network architecture is complex and network-dependent, challenging simple load-concentration hypotheses.