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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.8K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
04:57

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment

Published on: April 26, 2024

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Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis.

Reinoud W Brouwer1, Maarten R Huizinga, Tijs Duivenvoorden

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Martini Hospital, PO Box 30033, Groningen, 9700 RM, Netherlands. r.w.brouwer@mzh.nl. rwbrouwer69@gmail.com.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteotomy surgery for knee osteoarthritis can reduce pain and improve function, but evidence comparing different techniques or other treatments is limited. Further research is needed to determine optimal surgical approaches for knee osteoarthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Rheumatology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis is often treated with osteotomy to unload the affected joint compartment.
  • This review is an update of a previous Cochrane review first published in 2005.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis.
  • Key outcomes assessed include treatment failure, pain and function scores, quality of life, serious adverse events, mortality, and reoperation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases up to November 2013.
  • Included randomized and controlled clinical trials comparing osteotomy with other treatments.
  • Assessed risk of bias and analyzed evidence quality using the GRADE approach.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-one studies involving 1065 participants were included.
  • Low-quality evidence suggests no significant difference in pain or function between closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (CW-HTO) and other high tibial osteotomy (aHTO) techniques.
  • The risk of reoperation was significantly higher in the aHTO group compared to the CW-HTO group (low-quality evidence).
  • Osteotomy showed no significant difference in treatment failure or pain/function scores compared to unicompartmental knee replacement, but had more adverse events (low-quality evidence).
  • No studies compared osteotomy with conservative treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Valgus high tibial osteotomy appears to reduce pain and improve function in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, but this is based on within-group comparisons, not non-operative controls.
  • No significant differences were found between various osteotomy techniques.
  • Evidence is insufficient to conclude if osteotomy is more effective than unicompartmental knee replacement or non-operative treatments.