Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

66
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
66
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

94
Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These...
94
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

82
Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
82
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

2.1K
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
2.1K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

62.4K
Overview
62.4K
Bacterial Toxins01:12

Bacterial Toxins

109
Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
109

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum to Loss of GalNAc-T14 links O-glycosylation defects to alterations in B cell homing in IgA nephropathy.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

A case of early pregnancy pulmonary embolism following mifepristone administration: a call for increased pharmacovigilance and research.

Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue·2026
Same author

Sudden bilateral ocular pain, conjunctival redness and blurred vision with halos at hemodialysis start: an eye of attention for the nephrologist! Lessons for the Clinical Nephrologist.

Journal of nephrology·2026
Same author

DPP-4 inhibitors in current diabetes care: their foundational role in treating to target.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Increase the Risk of Rejection, CMV Viremia, and Graft Loss After Kidney Transplantation.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society·2026
Same author

Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Update and a Practical Diagnostic Approach.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

28.1K

[Colistin: a review].

Elio Antonucci, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Giuseppe Regolisti

    Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
    |December 16, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Colistin (CS) dosing may need adjustment in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. Efficient kidney support can significantly clear CS, potentially requiring higher doses to maintain effective treatment levels.

    More Related Videos

    Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
    09:26

    Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

    Published on: January 22, 2021

    7.9K
    Colonization with Murine pks+ Escherichia coli under Non-Inflammatory Conditions
    07:20

    Colonization with Murine pks+ Escherichia coli under Non-Inflammatory Conditions

    Published on: March 10, 2026

    112

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

    Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
    12:03

    Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

    Published on: April 18, 2019

    28.1K
    Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
    09:26

    Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

    Published on: January 22, 2021

    7.9K
    Colonization with Murine pks+ Escherichia coli under Non-Inflammatory Conditions
    07:20

    Colonization with Murine pks+ Escherichia coli under Non-Inflammatory Conditions

    Published on: March 10, 2026

    112

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Colistin (CS) is vital for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
    • Colistin sodium methanesulfonate (CMS) is a pro-drug of CS, hydrolyzing to CS and derivatives in solution.
    • CS is primarily renally excreted, and nephrotoxicity is a significant concern.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of colistin pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT).
    • To highlight the impact of RRT modalities on CS clearance and dosing recommendations.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review focusing on studies investigating CS pharmacokinetics during RRT.
    • Analysis of data on CS/CMS removal by different extracorporeal renal replacement therapies.

    Main Results:

    • Efficient RRT modalities can substantially clear CMS, impacting CS levels.
    • Limited data exist on CS pharmacokinetics across various RRT methods.
    • Increased CS doses may be necessary in patients on high-efficiency RRT.

    Conclusions:

    • Colistin dosing requires careful consideration in patients with kidney impairment undergoing RRT.
    • Further research is needed to establish optimal CS dosing strategies for different RRT modalities.
    • Understanding CS clearance during RRT is crucial for effective and safe treatment of infections.