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Nanocomposite bone scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers and hydroxyapatite.

Johannes Becker1,2, Lichun Lu1, M Brett Runge1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Polymer-mineral scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HA) enhance pre-osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. These composite scaffolds show promise for bone tissue engineering applications, promoting cell maturation and integration with host tissue.

Keywords:
PPF-co-PCLbone tissue engineeringhydroxyapatiteosteoblastsosteoconductive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Developing osteoconductive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering that integrate with host tissue is a significant challenge.
  • Polymer-mineral composites offer potential for bone regeneration, but their interaction with cells needs further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) on the maturation of pre-osteoblast cells within polymer-mineral scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(caprolactone) (PPF-co-PCL) scaffolds incorporating varying concentrations of HA.

Main Methods:

  • Injectable PPF-co-PCL formulations were combined with varying concentrations of HA to create composite scaffolds.
  • Thermal and mechanical properties (compressive and tensile moduli) of the scaffolds were evaluated.
  • Scaffold surface morphology was analyzed using electron microscopy, and elemental composition was confirmed with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.
  • Pre-osteoblast (W20-17) cells were seeded onto the HA/copolymer composites to assess attachment, proliferation, and maturation.

Main Results:

  • The addition of HA significantly altered the compressive and tensile moduli of the PPF-co-PCL scaffolds, correlating with HA concentration.
  • Electron microscopy revealed mineral nucleation and altered surface morphology, with calcium and phosphate confirmed on the scaffold surfaces.
  • Cells exhibited enhanced attachment and significantly increased proliferation rates on HA-containing composite scaffolds compared to HA-free scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • HA/PPF-co-PCL composite scaffolds demonstrate improved osteoconductivity by promoting pre-osteoblast attachment and proliferation.
  • These findings suggest that HA/PPF-co-PCL composites are effective in inducing pre-osteoblast maturation.
  • The developed composite scaffolds hold significant potential for applications in bone tissue engineering.