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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
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Aging impairs heat loss, but when does it matter?

Jill M Stapleton1, Martin P Poirier1, Andreas D Flouris2

  • 1Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 16, 2014
PubMed
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Aging impairs heat dissipation, especially during intense exercise in the heat. Regular aerobic exercise training can significantly improve heat loss in middle-aged men, mitigating age-related declines.

Keywords:
aerobic fitnessagecalorimetryevaporative capacityskin blood flowsweating

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Aging is linked to reduced physiological capacity for heat dissipation.
  • The threshold for age-related heat dissipation impairment and the role of aerobic fitness remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in whole-body evaporative heat loss (HE) under varying heat stress levels.
  • To determine if aerobic fitness influences heat dissipation capacity in middle-aged and older males.
  • To identify the specific heat production thresholds at which impaired heat dissipation occurs.

Main Methods:

  • Direct calorimetry was used to measure whole-body evaporative heat loss (HE).
  • Young, untrained middle-aged, older, and trained middle-aged males performed intermittent aerobic exercise in a hot environment (40°C, 15% RH).
  • Exercise involved fixed heat production rates of 300 W (Ex1), 400 W (Ex2), and 500 W (Ex3).

Main Results:

  • Untrained middle-aged and older males exhibited significantly lower HE compared to young and trained middle-aged males at heat production rates of 400 W (Ex2) and 500 W (Ex3).
  • No significant differences in HE were observed among groups during the recovery phase.
  • Impaired heat dissipation in older and untrained middle-aged males was evident at exercise-induced heat loads of 400 W and above.

Conclusions:

  • Heat dissipation impairments in older and untrained middle-aged men manifest at exercise heat production levels of 400 W or higher in hot conditions.
  • Regular aerobic exercise training can effectively minimize these age-related impairments in heat dissipation for middle-aged males.
  • Aerobic fitness plays a crucial role in maintaining adequate heat loss capacity during exercise in hot environments.