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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Systemic targeted alpha radiotherapy for cancer.

¹Experimental Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia.

Journal of Biomedical Physics & Engineering

|December 16, 2014

Summary

Targeted alpha therapy uses high-energy alpha radiation to destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This advanced internal radiation therapy shows promise for treating various cancers, including solid tumors and metastases.

Keywords:

Clinical trials In vitro In vivo Lekaemia Melanoma Prostate cancer Radioisotopes Systemic cancers Targeted alpha therapy

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Published on: July 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiotherapy
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Internal targeted alpha therapy leverages high linear energy transfer (LET) alpha radiation to induce DNA double-strand breaks in cancer cells.
Its short radiation range minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues, offering a complementary approach to conventional treatments.
Limitations of current therapies in controlling primary cancers like glioblastoma multiforme and preventing metastasis highlight the need for advanced strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolving role of systemic internal radiation therapy utilizing high LET alpha particles.
To explore the potential of targeted alpha therapy in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Targeted alpha therapy employs alpha-emitting radioisotopes (e.g., Bi-212, Bi-213, At-211, Ac-225) attached to targeting molecules like monoclonal antibodies or proteins.
Alternative approaches include using bone-seeking radioisotopes like Radium-223 for palliative care in specific cancers.
The review synthesizes findings from preclinical studies and clinical trials.

Main Results:

Targeted alpha therapy demonstrates high cytotoxicity against targeted cancer cells, with potential for solid tumor regression beyond initial applications in leukemia and micrometastases.
Molecular or physiological targeting strategies are employed to direct alpha-emitters to cancer cells.
Radium-223 shows efficacy in palliative therapy for bone metastases in breast and prostate cancers.

Conclusions:

Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the investigation of targeted alpha therapy for a range of malignancies.
Cancers discussed include leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, bone metastases, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
Targeted alpha therapy represents a promising frontier in cancer treatment, offering a precise and potent therapeutic option.