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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

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Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli
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[Prenylation: from bacteria to eukaryotes].

E S Marakasova, N K Akhmatova, M Amaya

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    |December 17, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Intracellular parasites use secretion systems to deliver effectors into host cells. This study explores prenylation, a posttranslational modification, and its potential role in *Francisella* genus bacteria.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Context:

    • Intracellular eukaryotic parasites evade host immunity using secretion systems (e.g., types III and IV) to inject bacterial effectors.
    • These effectors can undergo posttranslational modifications within the host cell, influencing their function.

    Purpose:

    • To review the current knowledge on protein prenylation in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.
    • To investigate the potential for prenylation in *Francisella* genus proteins using bioinformatics analyses.

    Summary:

    • Protein prenylation, a lipid modification, has recently been identified as a possible posttranslational modification for bacterial proteins.
    • This work provides an overview of prenylation and its inhibitors, alongside novel bioinformatics predictions for prenylated proteins within the *Francisella* genus.

    Impact:

    • This research expands the understanding of bacterial effector modification and host-pathogen interactions.
    • Identifies potential prenylation targets in *Francisella*, opening new avenues for therapeutic strategies against these intracellular parasites.