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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Leprosy--an imported disease.

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    Leprosy, a persistent public health issue, often presents with skin and nerve problems, with nearly half misdiagnosed initially. Immigrants may contribute to rising cases and multibacillary leprosy spread.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Leprosy continues to be a significant public health concern in Malaysia and worldwide.
    • Understanding patient demographics and disease characteristics is crucial for effective control strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical characteristics of leprosy patients treated at a tertiary institution in urban Malaysia.
    • To identify potential challenges in leprosy diagnosis and management within the Malaysian healthcare system.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective case series analysis of 27 leprosy patients.
    • Data collected for patients presenting between 2008 and 2013.

    Main Results:

    • The majority of patients were male (74.1%), Malaysian (63.0%), blue-collar workers (51.9%), and married (59.3%).
    • Lepromatous leprosy was diagnosed in 48.1% of cases. Skin lesions were common (96.3%), with nerve involvement (25.9%) and lepra reactions (33.3%) also observed.
    • A significant proportion (44.4%) of cases initially seen in primary care were misdiagnosed.

    Conclusions:

    • A high index of suspicion for leprosy is necessary for clinicians encountering suggestive skin, nerve, or musculoskeletal lesions.
    • Immigrants represented 37% of cases and may act as a reservoir for infection, potentially driving an increase in incidence.
    • The rising trend in multibacillary leprosy may be linked to transmission from migrants from high-burden leprosy regions.