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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Novel immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies.

Michelle H Nelson1, Chrystal M Paulos

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|December 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Harnessing the immune system offers new cancer treatments. Novel immunotherapies, including engineered antibodies and cell transfers, show promise for hematologic malignancies.

Keywords:
adoptive T-cell transfer therapyallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationbispecific T-cell engagersgene transferimmune checkpoint modulatorsmonoclonal antibodies

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • The immune system distinguishes self from tumor tissue, with vast potential for recognizing tumor antigens.
  • Tumors employ immunosuppressive strategies to evade immune detection and destruction.
  • Rapid advancements in understanding immune-tumor interactions are driving breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and appraise novel strategies that leverage the patient's immune system for cancer treatment.
  • To explore the application of immune-based therapies in hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of conventional monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab).
  • Analysis of engineered monoclonal antibodies, including bispecific T-cell engagers.
  • Examination of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting pathways like PD-1, CTLA-4, and IDO.
  • Assessment of adoptive cell transfer therapies, such as CAR T-cell and TCR T-cell therapies.

Main Results:

  • Immune-based therapies have demonstrated significant promise in treating patients with hematologic malignancies.
  • Various immunotherapeutic approaches are effective in eliciting anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Combination strategies are being explored to enhance treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Novel immunotherapies represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment, particularly for blood cancers.
  • Multi-pronged therapeutic approaches are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and achieving curative responses.
  • Further research into combination immunotherapies holds potential for overcoming treatment resistance and enhancing patient survival.