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Yield performance and stability of CMS-based triticale hybrids.

Jonathan Mühleisen1, Hans-Peter Piepho, Hans Peter Maurer

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Triticale hybrids using cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) did not improve grain yield or stability compared to inbred lines. Further research is needed to understand and overcome the limitations of the current CMS system in triticale breeding.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding and genetics
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) hybrids are anticipated to offer superior grain yield and enhanced yield stability.
  • Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a key tool for hybrid seed production in many crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal biometrical model for comparing yield stability between triticale hybrids and inbred lines.
  • To assess if triticale hybrids exhibit improved grain yield performance and stability.
  • To identify effective strategies for predicting the yield stability of triticale hybrids.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 13 female and 7 male parental lines, 91 factorial hybrids, and 30 commercial triticale lines across up to 20 environments.
  • Hybrid production utilizing a CMS system derived from Triticum timopheevii.
  • Application of biometrical models to analyze grain yield and yield stability, including group-by-environment interactions.

Main Results:

  • The choice of biometrical model significantly impacts yield stability estimations; a group-by-environment interaction term is recommended.
  • CMS-based triticale hybrids showed only 3% average midparent heterosis for grain yield, with no hybrid surpassing the best inbred line.
  • Hybrids exhibited lower dynamic yield stability than inbred lines, suggesting potential negative impacts of the CMS cytoplasm.

Conclusions:

  • The current CMS system in triticale may hinder hybrid performance and stability.
  • Predicting hybrid grain yield is feasible using midparent and general combining ability (GCA) values, while stability prediction relies solely on GCA.
  • Urgent investigation into the drawbacks of the existing triticale CMS system and exploration of alternative hybridization strategies are necessary.