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Familial-Environmental Risk Factors in South African Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A

Leana van Dyk1, Priscilla Springer1, Martin Kidd2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Journal of Child Neurology
|December 17, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Familial and environmental factors significantly impact attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in South African children. Specific risk factors and protective elements were identified, aiding potential clinical diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Understanding familial and environmental influences is crucial for ADHD diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate familial and environmental risk factors associated with ADHD in South African children.
  • To identify protective factors and develop a predictive model for ADHD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, hospital-based case-control study.
  • Involved 50 children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 matched non-ADHD controls.
  • Systematic assessment of familial and environmental risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant risk factors identified: birth complications, parental psychiatric disorder, maternal ADHD, early childhood trauma, nonmaternal childcare.
  • Prolonged breastfeeding demonstrated a protective effect.
  • A 5-criterion model (birth complications, breastfeeding <3 months, parental tertiary education, parental psychiatric disorder, nonmaternal caregiver) achieved 74% sensitivity and 86% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Familial and environmental factors are significantly correlated with ADHD in the studied cohort.
  • The developed 5-criterion model may provide valuable clinical guidance for ADHD diagnosis.

Keywords:
ADHDfamilial-environmentalresource-constrained body

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