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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications
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PubstractHelper: A Web-based Text-Mining Tool for Marking Sentences in Abstracts from PubMed Using Multiple

Chou-Cheng Chen1, Chung-Liang Ho2

  • 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Bioinformation
|December 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The PubMed Abstract Reading Helper (PubstractHelper) website enhances biological literature searches by using text mining to identify relevant publications. This tool efficiently highlights related keywords within abstracts, saving researchers valuable time.

Keywords:
PubstractHelperreading helpertext-mining

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Biomedical Informatics

Background:

  • PubMed database contains vast biological literature.
  • Manual review of PubMed search results is inefficient.
  • Existing text mining tools lack user-defined query capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient PubMed search tool called PubstractHelper.
  • To combine text mining with reading assistance for PubMed abstracts.
  • To provide a user-friendly interface for customized keyword searches.

Main Methods:

  • PubstractHelper accepts up to ten keyword groups, each with ten keywords.
  • It utilizes text mining to identify co-occurring keywords within sentences.
  • Sentences with related keywords are highlighted in different colors.

Main Results:

  • PubstractHelper efficiently identifies relevant publications based on keyword proximity.
  • Users can download highlighted abstracts and PMIDs for offline review.
  • The tool facilitates quicker identification of pertinent research papers.

Conclusions:

  • PubstractHelper offers a significant improvement in PubMed literature review efficiency.
  • It serves as a valuable tool for researchers needing to identify relevant publications.
  • The website aids in discovering research based on user-defined keyword relationships.