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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
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Allergic rhinitis phenotypes based on bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine.

Giorgio Ciprandi1, Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo, Irene Schiavetti

  • 11Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy.

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Methacholine bronchial challenge can distinguish between allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with and without bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). BHR-positive AR patients show impaired lung function and increased symptom perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is frequently associated with asthma.
  • Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is common in AR patients.
  • Phenotyping AR is an important clinical issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if methacholine (MCH) bronchial challenge can differentiate AR patients.
  • To investigate the clinical relevance of BHR in AR.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 298 AR patients for sensitization, rhinitis duration, lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC), MCH challenge, symptom perception (VAS), and FeNO.
  • Assessed BHR using MCH bronchial challenge.

Main Results:

  • 22.8% of AR patients were BHR-positive.
  • BHR-positive patients had more mite allergy, longer AR duration, lower lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75), and higher symptom scores (VAS).
  • Fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) predicted BHR in AR patients (AUC=0.90, cutoff 27.0 ppb).

Conclusions:

  • MCH bronchial challenge identifies two distinct AR patient phenotypes.
  • BHR-positive AR patients exhibit early lung function impairment, abnormal FeNO levels, and heightened symptom perception.
  • These findings are clinically relevant for managing AR patients.