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Introduction: the plurality of modeling.

Philippe Huneman1, Maël Lemoine

  • 1Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, 13 rue du Four, 75006, Paris, France, philippe.huneman@gmail.com.

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
|December 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Scientific modeling is explored, revealing its functions beyond representation. Interactions between diverse models, including in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, offer novel explanations in biology and medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Biological Sciences
  • Medical Sciences

Background:

  • Recent philosophical focus on scientific modeling activities.
  • Initial modeling approaches centered on target system representation.
  • Other epistemic functions like data production and phenomenon detection are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explicate properties and activities embedded in scientific modeling.
  • To explore distinctions between phenomenological and mechanistic models.
  • To investigate the role and interaction of various model types (in vivo, in vitro, in silico) across disciplines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of philosophical literature on scientific modeling.
  • Examination of distinctions in modeling approaches (phenomenological vs. mechanistic).
  • Categorization of models in biological sciences (in vivo, in vitro, in silico).
  • Disciplinary comparison of models in medicine, biology, evolutionary biology, and earth science.

Main Results:

  • Modeling encompasses more than just representing target systems.
  • Interactions between different model types yield significant explanatory insights.
  • The distinction between biological and medical models is theoretically robust when focusing on model usage.

Conclusions:

  • Existing distinctions (e.g., threefold model types, disciplinary boundaries) may be insufficient.
  • Focusing on the interaction between diverse models reveals novel explanatory frameworks.
  • The theoretical soundness of distinguishing biological and medical models is confirmed through usage analysis.