Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

52
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
52

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: <i>Rhabdoviridae</i> 2026.

The Journal of general virology·2026
Same author

Seroprevalence of Arboviruses and Genetic Characterization of Orbiviruses in Sloths from Western Panama.

Viruses·2025
Same author

Production of Clinical-Grade SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle Protein Immunogen by Transient Transfection.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Contrasting Ecological Patterns of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and Madariaga Viruses in Small Mammal and Mosquito Populations from Two Enzootic Regions of Panama.

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(-) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025.

The Journal of general virology·2025
Same author

Annual (2024) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm <i>Riboviria</i>: kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i>: phylum <i>Negarnaviricota</i>).

The Journal of general virology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K

Eilat virus displays a narrow mosquito vector range.

Farooq Nasar1,2, Andrew D Haddow3, Robert B Tesh4

  • 1Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. fanasar@icloud.com.

Parasites & Vectors
|December 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eilat virus (EILV) shows a limited mosquito vector range, primarily infecting Aedes aegypti. This alphavirus cannot replicate in vertebrate cells, suggesting adaptation to a single mosquito host for its unique maintenance cycle.

More Related Videos

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
10:35

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

3.7K
Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
06:41

Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes

Published on: August 31, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection
08:02

Experimental Viral Infection in Adult Mosquitoes by Oral Feeding and Microinjection

Published on: July 28, 2022

3.2K
Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
10:35

Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus

Published on: May 31, 2020

3.7K
Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes
06:41

Mosquito-Associated Virus Isolation from Field-Collected Mosquitoes

Published on: August 31, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Arthropod-borne viruses
  • Mosquito-borne pathogens

Background:

  • Most alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropods, primarily mosquitoes, to vertebrate hosts.
  • Eilat virus (EILV), an alphavirus, is unique as it cannot replicate in vertebrate cell lines.
  • EILV exhibits host range restrictions at both attachment/entry and replication levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mosquito vector range of Eilat virus (EILV).
  • To assess EILV's replication and dissemination in key mosquito species.
  • To understand the host-pathogen interactions of EILV in potential vectors.

Main Methods:

  • Susceptibility studies were conducted on Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus.
  • Mosquitoes were infected via intrathoracic inoculation and oral bloodmeals using EILV and an EILV-eRFP reporter clone.
  • Virus replication, infection, and dissemination rates were quantified using plaque assays and fluorescence imaging.

Main Results:

  • All tested mosquito species supported replication via intrathoracic inoculation, but at lower levels than typical alphaviruses.
  • Aedes albopictus was refractory to oral infection; Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were susceptible only at high doses.
  • Aedes aegypti demonstrated susceptibility to oral infection at two different doses, with significant infection and dissemination rates.

Conclusions:

  • Eilat virus (EILV) has a narrow vector range, with Aedes aegypti being the most susceptible species.
  • The inability to infect vertebrates may have driven EILV's adaptation to a specific mosquito host.
  • EILV's restricted host-pathogen interactions differentiate it from other alphaviruses.