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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Related Experiment Video

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FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
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Human genetics: pre-Columbian Pacific contact.

Chris Tyler-Smith1

  • 1The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|December 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Genetic analysis of Rapa Nui inhabitants shows Polynesian and European ancestry, alongside Native American DNA from 1280-1495 AD. This indicates early trans-Pacific contact between these populations.

Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Archaeogenetics
  • Human migration studies

Background:

  • Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has a unique cultural and genetic history.
  • Previous studies indicated Polynesian origins with later European influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic landscape of Rapa Nui's native inhabitants.
  • To identify ancestral components and their historical timelines.
  • To explore potential ancient trans-Pacific interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale genome-wide genetic analysis.
  • Analysis of ancient and modern DNA samples.
  • Phylogenetic and admixture analyses.

Main Results:

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  • Confirmed Polynesian ancestry and European admixture.
  • Identified a significant Native American genetic contribution.
  • Dated Native American admixture to between 1280 and 1495 AD.

    • Conclusions:

    • The genetic findings provide evidence for pre-Columbian trans-Pacific contact.
    • Suggests interaction between Polynesian and Native American populations prior to European arrival.