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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
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[Active surveillance: current status and future perspectives].

Yoshiyuki Kakehi

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |December 19, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Active surveillance for prostate cancer reduces overtreatment but requires reliable monitoring. Further research into multiparametric MRI and biomarkers is needed to improve patient selection and reduce the burden of repeated biopsies.

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Oncology
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Context:

    • Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing has lowered prostate cancer mortality.
    • Widespread PSA testing has also led to an increase in the detection of clinically indolent prostate cancer.
    • Active Surveillance (AS) is a key strategy to manage low-risk prostate cancer and avoid overtreatment.

    Purpose:

    • To evaluate the challenges and future directions in Active Surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer.
    • To highlight the need for improved criteria for AS eligibility and predictors of disease reclassification.
    • To underscore the limitations of current monitoring methods like PSA kinetics.

    Summary:

    • Active Surveillance (AS) aims to reduce overtreatment of prostate cancer.
    • Optimal eligibility criteria and predictors for biopsy reclassification in AS remain under investigation.

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  • The reliability of PSA kinetics, including PSA-doubling time, is insufficient for AS management.
  • Repeated biopsies are currently essential in AS protocols.
  • The physical and psychological burden of repeated biopsies necessitates further research.

    • Impact:

    • Improved patient selection for Active Surveillance (AS) can minimize overtreatment of prostate cancer.
    • Development of reliable biomarkers and advanced imaging like multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) can enhance AS protocols.
    • Reducing the need for frequent biopsies will improve patient quality of life during AS.
    • Further studies are crucial to establish the clinical utility of mpMRI and novel biomarkers in AS programs.