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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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[Emerging disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis].

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment is advancing with new therapies targeting inflammation and symptoms. Emerging options and future strategies like induction and combination therapy offer hope for managing this central nervous system disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rising inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unknown causes.
    • The incidence of MS is increasing in Japan, necessitating new treatment approaches.

    Purpose:

    • To review emerging disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis.
    • To discuss novel symptomatic treatments and potential remyelination therapies.
    • To explore future treatment strategies including induction and combination therapy for MS.

    Summary:

    • This review covers emerging DMTs for MS such as alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide.
    • It also discusses fampridine for gait disturbance and anti-LINGO-1 monoclonal antibody for remyelination.
    • The article examines future therapeutic directions like induction and combination therapies.

    Impact:

    • Provides an overview of current and future therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis.
    • Highlights advancements in managing MS symptoms and disease progression.
    • Informs clinicians and researchers about the evolving landscape of MS treatment strategies.