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Evidence for multiple, distinct ADAR-containing complexes in Xenopus laevis.

Caterina T H Schweidenback1, Amy B Emerman1, Ashwini Jambhekar1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|December 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) forms distinct complexes with different RNAs. These complexes show varied cellular localization, revealing new insights into ADAR

Keywords:
A-to-I editingRNA editingRNPdsRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes modify double-stranded RNA targets.
  • The cellular functions of ADAR-mediated RNA editing are not fully understood.
  • ADAR enzymes are conserved across metazoans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular localization and complex formation of ADAR.
  • To characterize ADAR-associated RNAs and their functions.
  • To explore the role of RNA length in ADAR complex incorporation.

Main Methods:

  • Xenopus laevis egg extract used to study ADAR complex formation.
  • Microtubule localization assayed by accumulation on meiotic spindles.
  • Characterization of endogenous ADAR-associated RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Long double-stranded RNA forms a microtubule-localized ADAR complex resembling stress granules.
  • ADAR also forms a distinct complex with endogenous RNAs, which does not localize to microtubules.
  • Endogenous ADAR-associated RNAs are enriched for transcripts involved in transcriptional regulation and the secretory pathway.
  • ADAR association correlates with translational repression in early development.

Conclusions:

  • ADAR exists in at least two distinct ribonucleoprotein complexes with different RNA compositions and localization patterns.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the diverse cellular roles of ADAR.
  • ADAR's function is linked to RNA localization and translational control during development.