Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

24.6K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively...
24.6K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

21.2K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
21.2K
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

15.4K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
15.4K
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

13.1K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
13.1K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

1.7K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
1.7K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

30.0K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
30.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seasonal life stage changes contribute to gut bacterial community profiles of high-altitude birds.

Current zoology·2026
Same author

A Synaptogenesis-Associated Histomorphologic Signature from H&E Whole-Slide Images Predicts Glioma Prognosis and Identifies <i>EFNB2</i>-Positive Malignant Cells as a Candidate Neuro-Glioma Communication Hub.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Correction: Liu et al. Analysis of Gut Microbial Communities and Functions in <i>Passer ammodendri</i> Under Two Extreme Environments. <i>Microorganisms</i> 2025, <i>13</i>, 2642.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Isochlorogenic acid A alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating RIP3.

Cellular signalling·2026
Same author

Damage and deterioration mechanism of marl under acidic erosion and dry-wet cycles: A case of Wuxia, Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Chromosome level genome assembly of taro (Colocasia esculenta).

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

A proposal for a differentiated radiation protection program for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants compared to the operation of nuclear power plants.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

A three-dimensional neutron localization method based on double-scattering imaging and reconstruction algorithm.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Effect of 131I biodistribution on measurements using a scanning whole-body counter.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Activity concentration of 137Cs and natural radionuclides in soil around the Belarusian nuclear power plant in the pre-commissioning period.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Novel passive-adaptive exoskeleton-supported radiation protection equipment with enhanced shielding and reduced perceived weight.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
Same journal

Feasibility of kV dose measurement in IGRT using MV-calibrated ionization chambers.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
07:51

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes

Published on: August 24, 2017

7.8K

Response improved for neutron long counter.

Yanan Li1, Taosheng Li2, Gang Song2

  • 1Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China yanan.li@fds.org.cn.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|December 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new neutron long counter offers a flat energy response for monitoring neutron fluence from accelerator sources. Optimized with a tungsten radiator, it achieves a maximal variation of only 7.8%.

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.3K
Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
07:51

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes

Published on: August 24, 2017

7.8K
High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.3K
Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear instrumentation
  • Neutron detection physics

Background:

  • Accelerator-based neutron sources are crucial for research and applications.
  • Accurate monitoring of neutron fluence is essential for reliable experimental results.
  • Existing neutron detectors often have limitations in energy response and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize a low-sensitivity neutron long counter for monitoring 14-MeV D-T neutron sources.
  • To achieve a flat energy response over a wide neutron energy range.
  • To validate the detector's performance through Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a neutron long counter incorporating a tungsten radiator for enhanced energy conversion.
  • Optimization of detector parameters to flatten the neutron energy response.
  • Monte Carlo simulations using SuperMC code to determine the detector's response function.

Main Results:

  • The designed neutron long counter exhibits a relatively flat response function from 1 keV to 20 MeV.
  • The inclusion of a tungsten radiator improved the energy response above 6 MeV via (n, xn) reactions.
  • The maximal relative variation in the response function was found to be approximately 7.8%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed neutron long counter is a suitable standard directional flow detector for monitoring neutron fluence.
  • The optimized design and use of a tungsten radiator effectively address the challenge of a flat energy response.
  • The simulation results confirm the detector's capability for precise neutron monitoring in accelerator-based applications.