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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Evolving Personalized Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Hsin-Ho Liu1, Yuh-Shyan Tsai2, Chen-Li Lai2
1Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA ; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
With advances in molecular biologic and genomic technology, detailed molecular mechanisms for development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have surfaced. Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) no longer represents an end stage, with many emerging therapeutic agents approved as effective in prolonging survival of patients from either pre- or post-docetaxel stage. Given tumor heterogeneity in patients, a one-size-fits-all theory for curative therapy remains questionable. With the support of evidence from continuing clinical trials, each treatment modality has gradually been found suitable for selective best-fit patients: e.g., new androgen synthesis inhibitor arbiraterone, androgen receptor signaling inhibitor enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy, new taxane carbazitaxel, calcium-mimetic radium-223 radiopharmaceutical agent. Moreover, several emerging immunomodulating agents and circulating tumor cell enumeration and analysis showed promise in animal or early phase clinical trials. While the era of personalized therapy for CRPC patients is still in infancy, optimal therapeutic agents and their sequencing loom not far in the future.
Insights
Advances in genomic technology reveal mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Personalized therapies are emerging, moving beyond a one-size-fits-all approach for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) development is increasingly understood through molecular and genomic insights.
- Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is now manageable with emerging therapies, extending patient survival.
- Tumor heterogeneity challenges the efficacy of uniform treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms driving castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
- To highlight the expanding therapeutic landscape for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).
- To discuss the shift towards personalized medicine in CRPC treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of molecular biologic and genomic research.
- Analysis of clinical trial evidence for emerging CRPC therapies.
- Examination of treatment modalities including novel agents and immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Detailed molecular mechanisms for CRPC development have been elucidated.
- Multiple therapeutic agents (e.g., abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, radium-223) show efficacy in specific patient groups.
- Emerging immunotherapies and circulating tumor cell analysis show promise.
Conclusions:
- A personalized therapy approach is becoming feasible for CRPC patients.
- Optimal sequencing of therapeutic agents is a key area for future research.
- The era of individualized treatment for CRPC is beginning, offering hope for improved survival and management.
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