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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Single Myofiber Culture Assay for the Assessment of Adult Muscle Stem Cell Functionality Ex Vivo
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Notch signaling mediates the age-associated decrease in adhesion of germline stem cells to the niche.

Chen-Yuan Tseng1, Shih-Han Kao2, Chih-Ling Wan2

  • 1Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

Plos Genetics
|December 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Aging increases Notch signaling in Drosophila stem cells, causing their removal from the niche. This impacts cell adhesion and has implications for cancer metastasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Organ aging is linked to decreased stem cell numbers in their niches.
  • The precise mechanisms driving stem cell loss during aging are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Notch signaling in age-related changes in Drosophila female germline stem cell (GSC) niche occupancy.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Notch signaling affects GSC adhesion and retention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized clonal analysis in Drosophila to study GSC behavior.
  • Manipulated Notch signaling pathways in GSCs and niche cells.
  • Assessed GSC adhesiveness and E-cadherin expression.
  • Investigated the involvement of Sex lethal and BMP signaling.

Main Results:

  • Notch signaling increases with age in Drosophila GSCs, leading to their niche removal.
  • Reduced Notch signaling enhances GSC adhesion to the niche via E-cadherin.
  • Enhanced Notch signaling accelerates age-dependent GSC loss, partly mediated by Sex lethal.
  • Notch activation in the niche decreases with age, affecting GSC retention.

Conclusions:

  • Notch signaling plays a dual role in regulating stem cell niche occupancy, both intrinsically within GSCs and extrinsically within the niche.
  • Age-related changes in Notch signaling control GSC-niche adhesion.
  • Findings are relevant to understanding stem cell aging and cancer cell metastasis.