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Related Concept Videos

Equity Theory01:26

Equity Theory

408
Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
408
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.7K
Surveys02:16

Surveys

17.3K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
17.3K
Bias01:22

Bias

8.1K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

17.6K
Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

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Financial aid policy: lessons from research.

Susan Dynarski, Judith Scott-Clayton

    The Future of Children
    |December 20, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Financial aid significantly impacts college access and completion, but program complexity and design, especially for student loans, require further research to optimize effectiveness and control spending.

    Area of Science:

    • Economics
    • Education Policy
    • Sociology of Education

    Background:

    • Student financial aid programs have expanded significantly since the Higher Education Act of 1965, becoming a norm for college enrollees across diverse demographics.
    • Aid now encompasses grants, subsidized loans, and tax credits, reaching low-, middle-, and high-income families, leading to questions about program effectiveness and complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the known and unknown aspects of student financial aid program effectiveness.
    • To analyze how program design, delivery, and interactions influence college access, enrollment, and completion.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on student financial aid programs.
    • Analysis of evidence regarding the impact of cost reduction, aid conditionality, and different aid types (grants vs. loans) on student outcomes.

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    Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
    06:16

    Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

    Published on: June 6, 2020

    4.8K

    Main Results:

    • Lowering college costs through financial aid generally improves access and completion, but program complexity can moderate this effect.
    • Grants tied to academic achievement show greater impact on persistence than unconditional grants for enrolled students.
    • There is a significant lack of rigorous research on the effectiveness of student loans, despite their prevalence.

    Conclusions:

    • While financial aid can enhance college access and completion, its effectiveness is contingent on program design, delivery, and student characteristics.
    • Further research is crucial, particularly on student loans and potential program interactions, to inform policy decisions and spending control.