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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Review article: breath analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases.

S Kurada1, N Alkhouri, C Fiocchi

  • 1Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Breath analysis shows potential for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specific volatile organic compounds in breath can help differentiate IBD patients from healthy individuals, aiding in disease management.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Urgent need for specific, accessible biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosis and stratification.
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath offer a non-invasive method for disease detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss literature on VOCs in exhaled breath for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.
  • Focus on the diagnosis and differentiation of IBD using breath analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Scopus databases.
  • Bibliography search of relevant articles was also performed.

Main Results:

  • Elevated breath levels of pentane, ethane, propane, 1-octene, 3-methylhexane, 1-decene, and NO in IBD patients compared to controls.
  • Decreased levels of 1-nonene, (E)-2-nonene, hydrogen sulphide, and methane in IBD patients.
  • A panel of three VOCs (octene, (E)-2-nonene, decene) demonstrated high discrimination (AUC 0.96) between pediatric IBD and controls. Elevated breath condensate cytokines and correlation of certain VOCs with disease activity were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Breath analysis is a promising, non-invasive tool for IBD diagnosis and monitoring.
  • While not yet ready for routine clinical use, its feasibility is supported by data from other GI diseases.
  • Future trials should focus on identifying specific breath metabolome patterns for IBD diagnosis and phenotyping.