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Murine Fetal Echocardiography
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Ventricular septal defect.

Diane E Spicer1, Hao H Hsu2, Jennifer Co-Vu3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. spicerpath@hotmail.com.

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
|December 20, 2014
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Summary

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are common heart malformations. A new classification defines VSDs by deficient septation borders, aiding in recognizing significant variants.

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Area of Science:

  • Congenital heart disease
  • Pediatric cardiology
  • Cardiac surgery

Background:

  • Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most frequent congenital cardiac malformations.
  • VSDs can occur independently or as part of complex cardiac anomalies.
  • Current classification systems for VSDs lack universal agreement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical classification of VSDs.
  • To propose a refined definition of VSDs based on deficient ventricular septation.
  • To establish a classification framework for clinically significant VSD variants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathological and clinical experiences with VSDs.
  • Definition of VSDs as the area of deficient ventricular septation.
  • Classification based on anatomic borders and opening into the right ventricle.

Main Results:

  • Clinical presentation varies with defect size and vascular resistance.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography; cardiac catheterization for hemodynamics.
  • Surgical or device closure is recommended for symptomatic infants, with high success rates.

Conclusions:

  • VSDs are best defined by the borders of deficient septation.
  • This approach allows for the identification of clinically relevant phenotypic variants.
  • Improved classification aids in understanding and managing VSDs.