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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Coupling enrichment methods with proteomics for understanding and treating disease.

Amit Kumar1, Deniz Baycin-Hizal, Joseph Shiloach

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Proteomics. Clinical Applications
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Proteomics advancements enable drug discovery by identifying disease biomarkers and drug targets. Coupling proteomics with enrichment techniques improves the detection of low-abundance proteins for better disease understanding and therapeutic development.

Keywords:
Biomarker discoveryDrug target discoveryExosomesMembrane proteomicsmAb discovery

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Genomic data aids proteome characterization in humans and model organisms.
  • Proteomics reveals global cellular profiles and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in disease states.
  • Intracellular proteomics struggles to quantify low-abundance proteins crucial for disease insight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of proteomics-coupled enrichment techniques in drug discovery.
  • To highlight advancements in target identification, drug mechanism elucidation, and biomarker discovery.
  • To showcase the role of proteomics in understanding complex diseases and developing novel therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative proteomics methods coupled with subcellular fractionation.
  • Enrichment techniques for specific proteomes (e.g., membranes, nucleus, phosphoproteome, glycoproteome).
  • Analysis of low-abundance proteins, particularly in serum.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated utility of proteomics-coupled enrichment in target and biomarker discovery.
  • Provided examples of understanding drug targeting mechanisms and monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery.
  • Showcased improvements in characterizing disease pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics, enhanced by enrichment strategies, is vital for identifying therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
  • These integrated approaches advance the understanding of diseases like cancer and neurological conditions.
  • Optimized proteomics methods facilitate the design and development of more effective medicines.