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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Diet, behavior and immunity across the lifespan.

Matthew W Hale1, Sarah J Spencer2, Bruno Conti3

  • 1School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Early life nutrition significantly impacts lifelong health trajectories. This review explores how diet, immunity, and behavior interact to influence long-term health and disease risk.

Keywords:
Calorie restrictionCytokineDietIL-18ImmuneInflammationLipopolysaccharideMicrogliaNutritionObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Nutritional science
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Perinatal events shape lifelong health.
  • Early nutrition is critical for development.
  • Diet impacts obesity, metabolic disorders, and mental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on diet, immunity, and behavior.
  • To highlight the role of the immune system in mediating diet-health links.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.

Main Results:

  • Diet significantly influences developmental trajectories.
  • The immune system plays a key role in diet-health interactions.
  • Dietary patterns affect long-term health and behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early nutritional environment is crucial for long-term health.
  • Immune system modulation by diet impacts health and behavior.
  • Understanding these interactions can inform interventions for disease prevention.