Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

16.3K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
16.3K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

968
968
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

11.5K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.5K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

114.0K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
114.0K
Statistical Analysis: Overview01:11

Statistical Analysis: Overview

18.8K
When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
One of the most commonly used statistical quantifiers is the mean, which is the ratio between the sum of the numerical values of all results and the...
18.8K
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

14.4K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
14.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DATA-ADAPTIVE EFFICIENT ESTIMATION STRATEGIES FOR BIOMARKER STUDIES EMBEDDED IN RANDOMIZED TRIALS.

The annals of applied statistics·2026
Same author

Development and Validation of the Childhood Interpersonal Trauma Questionnaire From Family, Teachers, and Peers (CITQ-FTP).

Journal of interpersonal violence·2026
Same author

Latent profile transitions in bullying role behaviors and associated mental health problems among Chinese adolescents.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Core depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults in the USA, England, China, and Mexico: Evidence from network analysis.

Asian journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

An adaptive design for optimizing treatment assignment in randomized clinical trials.

Biometrics·2026
Same author

Associations Between Childhood Adversity Types and Joint Trajectories of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Emerging Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Journal of interpersonal violence·2026
Same journal

A SEQUENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE TEST FOR TREATMENT BY COVARIATE INTERACTIONS.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same journal

DEFINING AND ESTIMATING PRINCIPAL STRATUM SPECIFIC NATURAL MEDIATION EFFECTS WITH SEMI-COMPETING RISKS DATA.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Modeling of Rank-based Global Outcome.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same journal

INTEGRATING INCOMPLETE DATA FOR MEDIATION ANALYSIS.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same journal

COMMUNITY EXTRACTION OF NETWORK DATA UNDER STOCHASTIC BLOCK MODELS.

Statistica Sinica·2026
Same journal

STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR MEAN FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX 3D OBJECTS.

Statistica Sinica·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
07:28

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Published on: December 19, 2016

21.9K

SEQUENTIAL TESTING OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS IN INTER-RATER RELIABILITY STUDIES.

Mei Jin1, Aiyi Liu2, Zhen Chen2

  • 1George Washington University ; Capital One.

Statistica Sinica
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces group sequential testing for inter-rater reliability, improving study design. This method reduces the average sample size needed for reliability studies compared to traditional approaches.

Keywords:
Interim analysisinter-rater reliabilityintraclass correlation coefficientmeasurement errorssample size and powertwo-way ANOVA

More Related Videos

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

8.0K
Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

28.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
07:28

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Published on: December 19, 2016

21.9K
Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity
08:40

Isokinetic Robotic Device to Improve Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability for Stretch Reflex Measurements in Stroke Patients with Spasticity

Published on: June 12, 2019

8.0K
Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

28.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biostatistics
  • Medical Research Methodology
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Inter-rater reliability is crucial for study validity.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficient is the standard metric.
  • Current methods may require large sample sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop group sequential testing procedures for reliability studies.
  • To enhance the efficiency of designing and analyzing studies with multiple raters and subjects.
  • To provide a more sample-efficient alternative to fixed sample procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-way analysis of variance with random effects for raters and subjects.
  • Derived group sequential testing procedures for reliability study design and analysis.
  • Employed simulation studies to evaluate the proposed technique's performance.

Main Results:

  • Group sequential testing demonstrated a smaller average sample number compared to fixed sample procedures.
  • Tabulated critical values for various two-stage design parameters.
  • Validated the methodology using data from the Physician Reliability Study.

Conclusions:

  • Group sequential testing offers a more efficient approach to assessing inter-rater reliability.
  • The proposed methods are applicable to studies involving multiple raters and subjects.
  • This technique can reduce resource utilization in reliability research.