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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
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Swelling-induced deformations: a materials-defined transition from macroscale to microscale deformations.

Anupam Pandey1, Douglas P Holmes

  • 1Virginia Tech, Engineering Science and Mechanics, 222 Norris Hall, Blacksburg, VA, USA. dpholmes@vt.edu.

Soft Matter
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied how swelling causes elastomeric beams to bend or crease. A new model predicts these deformations based on material properties and geometry, enabling control over multi-scale pattern formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Mechanics of Materials

Background:

  • Swelling-induced deformations are prevalent in biological and industrial settings.
  • These deformations manifest across diverse length scales, influencing material behavior.
  • Understanding the transition between different deformation modes is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the transition between macroscopic bending and microscopic creasing in swollen elastomeric beams.
  • To develop a predictive scaling model for swelling-induced deformations.
  • To demonstrate control over multi-length scale instabilities in polymeric structures.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of elastomeric beams subjected to non-homogeneous swelling.
  • Fabrication of beams with varying material properties and geometries.
  • Development of a scaling model based on the competition between bending and swelling energies.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from macroscopic structural bending to microscopic surface creasing.
  • Identified material properties and system geometry as key dictating factors.
  • Validated a scaling model that predicts deformation modes (bending vs. creasing).

Conclusions:

  • The transition between macroscopic bending and microscopic creasing is tunable via material and geometric parameters.
  • A simple scaling model accurately predicts the dominant deformation mode.
  • Engineered control over multi-length scale instabilities in a single structure is achievable.