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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Detection of MicroRNA Expression in the Kidneys of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathic Mice
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Biomarkers in IgA nephropathy.

Vicki J Hwang1, Arzu Ulu, Justin van Hoorebeke

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Biomarkers in Medicine
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, a common kidney disease, often lacks early symptoms. Research is exploring noninvasive biomarkers to predict disease progression and improve diagnosis for IgA nephropathy patients.

Keywords:
IgA nephropathybiofluidglomerulonephritisglycomicspredictive biomarkerprognostic biomarkertissue

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • IgA nephropathy is the most frequent primary glomerulonephritis.
  • It can lead to end-stage renal disease in up to 50% of patients.
  • Diagnosis often relies on invasive kidney biopsies, which are not always performed, especially in asymptomatic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research on biomarkers for IgA nephropathy.
  • To identify and evaluate validated and promising biofluid and tissue biomarkers.
  • To address the need for noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tools for IgA nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research in IgA nephropathy biomarkers.
  • Examination of validated and clinically promising biofluid biomarkers.
  • Analysis of validated and clinically promising tissue biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • The review discusses the current landscape of IgA nephropathy biomarker research.
  • Validated and promising biofluid and tissue biomarkers are presented.
  • The potential for noninvasive biomarkers in IgA nephropathy management is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for noninvasive biomarkers in IgA nephropathy.
  • Current research focuses on identifying specific and reliable biomarkers.
  • Advancements in biomarker discovery could improve diagnosis and prognosis for IgA nephropathy.