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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Quantum spin dimers from chiral dissipation in cold-atom chains.

Tomás Ramos1, Hannes Pichler1, Andrew J Daley2

  • 1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

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We study driven dissipative spin chains coupled to a bosonic bath. Chirality in this system leads to a pure steady state where spins form dimers.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Driven dissipative systems exhibit complex nonequilibrium dynamics.
  • Chiral coupling in quantum systems can lead to unique emergent behaviors.
  • Cold quantum gases offer a versatile platform for simulating quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a driven dissipative spin chain.
  • Explore the role of chiral coupling to a one-dimensional bosonic bath.
  • Propose and analyze an atomic implementation using cold quantum gases.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of a driven dissipative spin chain.
  • Simulation of chiral coupling to a 1D bosonic reservoir.
  • Mapping the system to cold atoms in a spin-orbit coupled optical lattice.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a pure steady state in the driven dissipative spin chain.
  • Observed the formation of spin dimers due to chiral coupling.
  • Demonstrated tunability from bidirectional to unidirectional coupling.
  • Spins in the dimerized state decouple from the rest of the chain.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral coupling to a bosonic bath induces novel steady states in spin chains.
  • Atomic systems provide a viable platform for realizing and studying such phenomena.
  • The findings are relevant to experiments with two-level emitters and photonic waveguides.