Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

1.2K
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
1.2K
Dark Triad and Person Perception01:29

Dark Triad and Person Perception

483
Person perception is influenced by both external behaviors and the observer’s internal characteristics, including personality traits. Individuals with dark personality traits, comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism — collectively known as the dark triad – exhibit manipulative and exploitative tendencies in social contexts. These traits affect how they perceive others and how they are perceived.The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Person PerceptionBlack et...
483
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

43.2K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
43.2K
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

356
Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
356
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

8.6K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
8.6K
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

988
Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
988

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Helping Patients With Persecutory Delusions Find Safety.

Schizophrenia bulletin·2026
Same author

Seven tesla MRI reveals amygdala and hippocampal subfield atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

An excitement building in the development of psychological treatments for schizophrenia.

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)·2026
Same author

Cognitive bias modification Utilised to Rectify Errors for Depression (CURED): a double-blind, parallel-group feasibility randomised controlled trial in adults with depression.

Trials·2026
Same author

Attentional bias in paranoia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BJPsych open·2026
Same author

Patient expectations for outcome with psychological intervention for psychosis.

Schizophrenia research·2026
Same journal

Efficacy of the STEP-Home Transdiagnostic Group Workshop to Improve Functioning, Anger, and Impulse Control in Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Behavior therapy·2026
Same journal

Behavioral Practice and Homework Completion as Predictors of Outcome in a Transdiagnostic Brief Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Youth.

Behavior therapy·2026
Same journal

The Role of Hope in Recovery During Transdiagnostic Exposure-Based Therapy for Anxiety-, Obsessive-Compulsive and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.

Behavior therapy·2026
Same journal

Who Benefits from Anxiety-Related Interpretation Bias Training? The Role of Individual Differences in Interpretation Inflexibility and Intolerance of Uncertainty.

Behavior therapy·2026
Same journal

A Multidimensional Examination of Dissociation and Its Relationship With Suicide Ideation and Attempts.

Behavior therapy·2026
Same journal

Feasibility Trial of a Single Session of Crisis Response Planning for Youth at High Risk for Suicide.

Behavior therapy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
12:00

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Published on: November 19, 2014

13.4K

Interpretation biases in paranoia.

George Savulich1, Daniel Freeman2, Sukhi Shergill1

  • 1King's College London.

Behavior Therapy
|December 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with higher trait paranoia exhibit a negative interpretation bias, particularly for ambiguous information related to their specific concerns. This bias is more pronounced for material matching paranoid beliefs, suggesting a role in paranoid symptomology.

Keywords:
cognitive biasinterpretation biasparanoiapsychosis

More Related Videos

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

9.1K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization
12:00

Investigating the Effects of Antipsychotics and Schizotypy on the N400 Using Event-Related Potentials and Semantic Categorization

Published on: November 19, 2014

13.4K
An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
07:36

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

9.1K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Ambiguous environmental information can have varied emotional consequences.
  • Negative interpretation bias is common in affective disorders.
  • Vulnerability to psychosis, specifically trait paranoia, may influence interpretation biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between trait paranoia and interpretation bias.
  • To examine content specificity of interpretation biases in paranoia.
  • To differentiate between general negative and specific paranoid interpretation biases.

Main Methods:

  • Used regression analyses with trait paranoia, trait anxiety, and cognitive inflexibility as predictors.
  • Employed two sets of ambiguous materials: one broadly valenced, another allowing paranoid interpretations.
  • Conducted group comparisons between high and low trait paranoia individuals.

Main Results:

  • Trait paranoia, trait anxiety, and cognitive inflexibility predicted paranoid interpretation bias.
  • Trait anxiety and cognitive inflexibility predicted negative interpretation bias.
  • High trait paranoia individuals showed negative bias, especially for paranoia-related material.

Conclusions:

  • A negative interpretation bias is present in individuals with elevated paranoia vulnerability.
  • This bias is content-specific, being strongest for material aligning with paranoid beliefs.
  • Content-specific interpretation biases may contribute to the development and persistence of paranoid symptoms.