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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

5.2K
Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
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Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

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Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Bioavailability

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Modified-release (MR) dosage forms are designed to extend drug release over time, thereby maintaining stable plasma concentrations and reducing dosing frequency. However, their bioavailability is typically below 100% due to incomplete drug release and presystemic metabolism, and limitations in drug permeability across the gastrointestinal epithelium, all of which can restrict the fraction of the drug reaching systemic circulation. Consequently, studying the in vivo bioavailability of MR...
147
Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

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Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination

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When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability
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The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability

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Iron bioavailability from commercially available iron supplements.

Tatiana Christides1, David Wray2, Richard McBride3

  • 1Department of Life and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK. T.Christides@greenwich.ac.uk.

European Journal of Nutrition
|December 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid iron supplements and mineral waters show higher iron bioavailability than ferrous sulfate. This suggests improved options for treating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) with fewer side effects.

Keywords:
AnaemiaBariatric surgeryCaco-2 cellsIron supplementsMicronutrient deficiencyPregnancy

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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a significant global health issue.
  • Standard ferrous iron salt treatments can cause side effects, leading to poor patient compliance and treatment failure.
  • Enhanced iron bioavailability may allow for lower, better-tolerated doses, improving IDA management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the iron bioavailability of ferrous sulfate tablets against alternative commercial iron products, including liquid formulations.
  • To evaluate if alternative iron supplements offer superior bioavailability compared to traditional ferrous sulfate.
  • To identify iron supplements with potentially better tolerability and efficacy for iron deficiency anaemia.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of iron bioavailability using Caco-2 cells.
  • Ferritin formation was utilized as a surrogate marker for cellular iron uptake.
  • Statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's or Tukey's multiple comparisons tests.

Main Results:

  • Spatone Apple (natural mineral water with ascorbate) and Iron Vital F (synthetic liquid iron) demonstrated the highest iron bioavailability.
  • No significant difference in iron uptake was observed between ferrous sulfate tablets, Spatone (mineral water alone), and Pregnacare Original (multivitamin/multimineral).

Conclusions:

  • In vitro results indicate that natural mineral waters and synthetic liquid iron formulations possess comparable or superior bioavailability to ferrous sulfate tablets.
  • Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings.
  • These findings could lead to a wider selection of more bioavailable and better-tolerated iron preparations for individuals at risk of IDA.