Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 19, 2026
07:24
Quantification of Macronutrients Intake in a Thermogenetic Neuronal Screen using Drosophila Larvae
Published on: June 11, 2020
4.3K
PYY3-36: Beyond food intake
Ulrike Stadlbauer1, Stephen C Woods2, Wolfgang Langhans1
1Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|December 21, 2014
Summary
The gut hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY(3-36)) regulates energy balance and food intake. Emerging research reveals PYY(3-36) also impacts cognitive functions by modulating the central dopamine system.
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY(3-36)) is a gastrointestinal hormone primarily secreted by L-cells.
- PYY(3-36) is recognized for its role in energy homeostasis and appetite regulation.
- Recent studies suggest PYY(3-36) influences cognitive and behavioral processes beyond food intake.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the non-appetite related effects of PYY(3-36).
- To propose a conceptual framework for PYY(3-36)'s diverse behavioral actions.
- To explore the potential modulation of the central dopamine system by PYY(3-36).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PYY(3-36) research.
- Analysis of studies on PYY(3-36) and cognitive functions.
- Conceptual synthesis of findings related to dopamine modulation.
Main Results:
- PYY(3-36) influences central information processing, salience learning, working memory, and novelty response.
- These effects extend beyond its known role in inhibiting food intake.
- A unifying hypothesis suggests PYY(3-36) modulates the central dopamine system.
Conclusions:
- PYY(3-36) plays a significant role in cognitive and behavioral functions.
- Dopamine system modulation offers a potential explanation for PYY(3-36)'s diverse effects.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of PYY(3-36) in the brain.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
3.3K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
3.3K
01:26Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
37.7K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
37.7K
01:26Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination
2.0K
The gastrointestinal elimination process involves a complex interplay of neural and hormonal mechanisms that coordinate the final waste removal from the body. This intricate operation encompasses the absorption of water and electrolytes, vital for transforming the remaining indigestible food matter into feces. The large intestine is pivotal in water and electrolyte absorption, forming feces from unabsorbed minerals, undigested food, bacteria, bile pigments, and shed epithelial cells. Essential...
2.0K
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
12.6K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
12.6K
01:23Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes
3.6K
The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
3.6K
01:21Stomach pH Regulation
7.8K
The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
7.8K