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High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits
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Genomic potential for polysaccharide deconstruction in bacteria.

Renaud Berlemont, Adam C Martiny

    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    |December 21, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacterial glycoside hydrolases break down complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose. This study maps the genomic potential for polysaccharide degradation across bacterial species, revealing key phylogenetic patterns.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Genomics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Glycoside hydrolases are crucial enzymes for bacterial nutrition, degrading environmental polysaccharides.
    • The phylogenetic distribution of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in bacteria is largely unknown.
    • Understanding this distribution aids in predicting microbial community functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the phylogenetic distribution of bacterial glycoside hydrolase families.
    • To investigate the genomic potential for degrading various polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, xylan, chitin).
    • To link polysaccharide degradation capabilities with bacterial phylogeny.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzed 392,166 enzyme genes from 53 glycoside hydrolase families.
    • Examined 8,133 publicly available bacterial genome sequences.

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  • Utilized consenTRAIT for taxonomic level determination.

    • Main Results:

    • Enzymes for oligosaccharides and starch/glycogen are widespread across bacterial taxa.
    • Glycoside hydrolases for structural polysaccharides (cellulose, xylan, chitin) show clustered phylogenetic distribution.
    • 85% of strains can process starch/glycogen and oligosaccharides; 65% can degrade structural polysaccharides.
    • 22.6%, 32.9%, and 9.3% of genomes target one, two, or three structural polysaccharides, respectively.
    • Degraders of multiple structural polysaccharides show enhanced oligosaccharide deconstruction potential.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial polysaccharide degradation potential is phylogenetically structured.
    • Widespread enzymes target simple sugars, while specialized enzymes target complex structural polymers.
    • This framework connects polymer deconstruction potential with phylogeny in microbial communities.