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Bed bug aggregation pheromone finally identified.

Regine Gries1, Robert Britton, Michael Holmes

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia (Canada).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 23, 2014
PubMed
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Researchers identified the complete bed bug aggregation pheromone, a blend of six chemicals. This discovery offers a promising, inexpensive tool for detecting and potentially controlling bed bugs, addressing a global pest epidemic.

Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Pest Management
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Bed bugs (Cimicidae) represent a significant global pest problem, with current surveillance methods being inadequate for routine monitoring.
  • Understanding bed bug aggregation behavior and their aggregation pheromone is crucial for developing effective detection and control strategies.
  • The precise chemical composition of the bed bug aggregation pheromone has remained largely unknown despite extensive research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the complete chemical composition of the bed bug aggregation pheromone.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a synthetic blend of identified pheromone components for bed bug detection.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG) were employed to analyze volatile compounds.
Keywords:
aggregation pheromonebed bugshistaminesemiochemicals

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  • Behavioral assays were conducted using synthetic blends of identified compounds to assess attraction and arrestment responses.
  • Field trials were performed in infested premises using the pheromone blend in traps to evaluate detection efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • The bed bug aggregation pheromone was identified as a blend of five volatile components (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-hexanone) and one less-volatile component (histamine).
    • The volatile components effectively attract bed bugs towards shelters, while histamine induces arrestment upon contact.
    • A blend of all six identified components demonstrated high efficacy in luring both juvenile and adult bed bugs into traps in infested environments.

    Conclusions:

    • The complete bed bug aggregation pheromone comprises six specific chemical components.
    • This synthetic pheromone blend is a highly effective tool for luring bed bugs into traps, aiding in detection.
    • The identified pheromone bait presents a potential low-cost solution for routine bed bug surveillance and integrated pest management strategies.