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Spectrum of Fusarium infections in tropical dermatology evidenced by multilocus sequencing typing diagnostics

Anne D van Diepeningen1, Peiying Feng, Sarah Ahmed

  • 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Mycoses
|December 23, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Fusarium species are increasingly causing human infections, particularly onychomycosis. This study identified Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) as the dominant cause in Thailand, highlighting its prevalence in tropical regions.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Fungal Pathogenesis
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Fusarium species are recognized as emerging pathogens responsible for a spectrum of human infections, ranging from superficial to systemic.
  • Understanding the prevalence and genetic diversity of Fusarium species is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, especially in tropical regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Fusarium species isolated from patients in a dermatological ward in Thailand.
  • To identify the predominant Fusarium species complexes and specific species causing human infections in the study population.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of 464 fungal isolates from a dermatological ward.
  • Species identification using molecular techniques, including sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), rDNA internal transcribed spacer, and RNA-dependent polymerase subunit II (rpb2).
  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine genetic diversity and species complex delineation.

Main Results:

  • Fusarium species accounted for 9.5% (44 strains) of the total fungal isolates.
  • The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) was the most prevalent, comprising 84% (37 strains) of the Fusarium isolates.
  • Other identified complexes included Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex.
  • Fusarium falciforme and Fusarium keratoplasticum were the predominant FSSC clusters.
  • Onychomycosis was the most common clinical manifestation (89%), followed by paronychia and tinea pedis.
  • Infections predominantly occurred on the right side of the body, with no significant gender-based susceptibility differences observed.

Conclusions:

  • Fusarium, particularly FSSC, is a significant cause of superficial mycoses in Thailand, with a notable prevalence in tropical areas.
  • Genetic variation within Fusarium species is substantial globally.
  • Superficial infections by FSSC are more common in Asia and Latin America, contrasting with FOSC prevalence in Europe.
  • Fusarium species represent common opportunistic human pathogens with diverse genetic profiles worldwide.
Keywords:
FusariosisFusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIES)Fusarium oxysporumFusarium solani species complex (FSSC)onychomycosis

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