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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Cell membrane wrapping of a spherical thin elastic shell.

Xin Yi1, Huajian Gao

  • 1School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. huajian_gao@brown.edu.

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This study explores how solid nanocapsules interact with cells. We identified five distinct cell wrapping phases influenced by nanocapsule properties and cell mechanics, aiding nanomedicine development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tailored nanocapsules are crucial for drug delivery and bioimaging.
  • Understanding nanocapsule-cell interactions is key for effective nanotechnology applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the cell uptake mechanisms of spherical nanocapsules.
  • To analyze the influence of various parameters on nanocapsule wrapping states.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling nanocapsules as 3D linear elastic solid thin shells.
  • Analyzing wrapping states (no wrapping, partial wrapping, full wrapping) and their stability.
  • Developing wrapping phase diagrams based on key parameters.

Main Results:

  • Identified five distinct wrapping phases based on the stability of wrapping states.
  • Demonstrated that wrapping phase diagrams are significantly influenced by capsule size, adhesion energy, cell membrane tension, and bending rigidity ratio.
  • Compared cell uptake of solid nanocapsules with fluid vesicles.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide insights into the complex interactions during nanocapsule cell uptake.
  • Results have potential implications for designing advanced nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
  • Understanding these interactions can optimize nanomedicine delivery and bioimaging strategies.