Severe airflow obstruction in vertically acquired HIV infection
Gregory L Calligaro1, Aliasgar Esmail1, Diane M Gray2
1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa.
Respirology Case Reports
|December 23, 2014
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis increase chronic airflow limitation risk. HIV-associated lung disease is a growing concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, due to complex interactions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for chronic airflow limitation.
- This condition can arise independently or in conjunction with opportunistic infections like pulmonary tuberculosis.
- The multifactorial etiology includes post-infectious obliterative bronchiolitis, post-tuberculous lung damage, immune reconstitution, and direct HIV effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the complex interplay between HIV, tuberculosis, and chronic lung disease.
- To underscore the rising significance of HIV-associated chronic lung disease as a cause of pulmonary disability.
- To present a case illustrating these interactions in a high-prevalence region.
Main Methods:
- Case report presentation.
- Review of literature on HIV-associated lung disease and its risk factors.
- Analysis of contributing factors to airflow obstruction in the presented case.
Main Results:
- The case involves a 15-year-old girl with vertically acquired HIV infection.
- She experienced multiple pulmonary infections and severe airflow obstruction.
- The findings illustrate the complex, multifactorial nature of HIV-related chronic lung disease.
Conclusions:
- HIV infection, often with co-existing tuberculosis, significantly contributes to chronic airflow limitation.
- HIV-associated chronic lung disease is an emerging cause of pulmonary disability, particularly in regions with high HIV and TB prevalence.
- Effective management requires understanding the diverse contributing factors to airflow obstruction in this population.
Keywords:
Airflow obstructionHIV infectionbronchiectasisobstructive lung diseasepulmonary complications of HIVMore Related Videos
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